On Sept 28, Dr. Beth Grafton-Cardwell led an all-day training on the nitty gritty details of the life cycle of California red scale and its parasites.  She also spent time discussing the current problems with managing scale in orchards and how the high temperatures we have had the past few years plus increased broad spectrum insecticide use for pests of export significance (such as Fuller rose beetle), create a 'perfect storm' of red scale that is very difficult to manage.  More than 30 PCAs and industry reps attended the class and spent the day working with microscopes.